Improving participation in voluntary activities in Iran is important because increasing productivity among young people, given THE country's young population, contributes to community sustainability. THErefore, a better understanding of volunteer motivation in Iranian youth is needed. THE Volunteer Functions INVENTORY (VFI) for assessing volunteer motivations has good psychometric properties and is adapted to several languages, but no validated Iranian translation yet exists. THE purpose of this study was to investigate THE psychometric Characteristics of voluntary functions INVENTORY in members of Iranian Red Crescent Society. Sample size was 595 members of Youth Organization of Iranian Red Crescent Society from 31 provinces and 175 cities of Iran that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to voluntary functions INVENTORY. Data were collected using a demographic sample and voluntary functions INVENTORY (VFI). Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components method was used for data analysis. THE results of THE present study showed that THE voluntary functions INVENTORY had validity and reliability. Also, THE factor structure showed that 29 items and 6 factors well assess people's attitudes to volunteering, and THE structure of this INVENTORY was well-fitted and confirmed all goodness of fit models. THE present study provides THE use of THE Iranian translation of THE Voluntary Functions INVENTORY (6 scales and 29 items) to assess volunteer motivation among young Iranian volunteers.

Purpose: THE present research aimed at finding an answer to THE question of THE process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in THE future, and THE influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, THE poet, THE media that published THE poem, THE process of composing THE poem, THE rights of THE author, and Globalization of THE Iranian poetry. Method: THE Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in THE fields of Communication and Literature was selected. THE expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on THE Likert scale, and by THE execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering THE content, THE experts predicted that due to THE impact of cyberspace, THE quality of THE poetry will be reduced and consequently, THE language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect THE daily events of life. Regarding THE audience, THEy concluded that THE audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between THE public and professional audience. With respect to THE sender, THEre will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding THE channel, THE experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, THE poets’ agency in publishing THEir own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that THE spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is THE only case in which THE group believes in THE impact of technology on THE future of poetry. THE group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding THE impact of technology on THE phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and THE Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed THEse items in THE framework of THE human agency.

Purpose: Something that happens in THE future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about THE future. THE perception of young people from THE future and THEir conception of THE future is very important. THE purpose of this study was to imaging THE future of sports science from THE perspective of educated youth. Method: THE method of THE present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. THE statistical population of THE study included educated youth who are familiar with sports science and THE snowball sampling method was used for interviews and THEoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze THE data, THE content analysis method has been used to obtain THE information of this research. Findings: THE results show THE future of sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in THE sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from THE ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing THE mental images of THE youth, it can be stated that sports science will move towards THE dystopia if THE current situation continues, and it can move towards THE utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, THE stakeholders of sports sciences need to be togeTHEr and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of sports science professionals should be reduced.

Sea shells are natural-biological objects. THEy are embedded in geological layers in THE form of fossils, but also, to find in archaeological deposits as a result of human activities. Archaeologists can use THE provenance of shells in THE functional analysis of ancient sites in terms of social archeology and prehistoric trading activities. Aarcheological excavations in several sites of THE Iranian Plateau have shown that from THE 3rd third millennium B.C. onwards, finds of of sea shells (e.g. Lambis, Dentalium, etc.) rapidely increased. Such shells were for instance discovered from ritual cemetery contexts such as Shahdad, Tepe Hesar, Kale Nisar cemeteries or Bani Surma. THEse objects are mainly used as natural or polished shells. In some cases, THEy served as a raw material for making all kinds of beads, buttons, and oTHEr ornamental objects.. THE main question is to understand THE relationship between THE use of seashells and archaeological context, and also, THEir role in Bronze Age ritual life. In this article, THE descriptive, analytical method has been used in THE biological recognition of all types of shells. This method is also used based on similar studies on this issue in Mesopotamia's archeology of THE Sumerian-Akkadian period. THE distribution of recognizable species shows that THEse objects are concentrated in THE settlements from south to souTHEast of Iran in THE coastal strip of THE Persian Gulf, and from THE Oman Sea to THE Zagros intermountain valleys, as well as in THE northwest and norTHEast of Iran. THE biological origin can be placed in THE norTHErn shores of THE Oman Sea to THE Gulf of Kutch on THE norTHErn coast of THE Indian Ocean. It seems that with THE growth and development of urbanization in Southwest Asia and especially THE development of sea trade, oysters have been traded as valuable goods and oTHEr prestige goods. THE importance of THE shell findings is more than THE value of THE shells THEmselves because THEy were used as sacred goods in religious affairs. Analysis of THE fields where THE shells were discovered is more related to cemeteries and temples as sacred spaces. Also, THE significant presence of Lambis shells for THE production of specific ritual bowls, placed togeTHEr with bronze axes in graves, can be seen as THE reflection of a patriarchic tradition in THE social-political organisiation of THE third and second millennia B.C. Despite many excavations and THE discovery of many samples of THEse types of shells, no furTHErgoing investigation on THEse specific objects was undertaken so far. This desideratum reveals more valuable findings in THE archeology of THE Iranian plateau. THErefore, one of this article's final goals is to focus more on analyzing THE context of THE discovery of seashells in future Excavation

Curriculum as THE backbone of THE educational system is one of THE important factors in creating fundamental changes in THE higher education system; THE purpose of this research is to explain THE effectiveness of entrepreneurship education model from THE Islamic point of view and  THE Leader, so that it can be used to examine THE curriculum of architecture education in terms of THE realization of entrepreneurship components in students. THE method of THE current research is a mixed exploratory one, which in THE qualitative part, by examining THE views of THE Leader in his articles, books and speeches, descriptive propositions of his thought regarding THE effectiveness of entrepreneurship education were extracted with THE implication research method. In THE quantitative part, THE data was analyzed using structural equation method and using SPSS20 and smart PLS software. THE findings showed that THE model of entrepreneurship from THE Leader'spoint of view can be divided into four main pillars: vision, knowledge, skill and business. And each of THEse main pillars overlaps with THE model of effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in architecture curriculum. In this way, architecture higher education centers can, in addition to creating entrepreneurship curricula in THE field of architecture, by identifying THE potentials in THE curricula of this field, strengTHEn THE strengths and eliminate THE weaknesses in THEm. This model, while providing THE conditions for THE realization of entrepreneurship education in academic fields, provides THE context for THE implementation of a local model in THE light of Islamic orders.

Four important ways of religious education in THE field of beliefs are inferred in this article through THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “nature of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including THE root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. THEn, we have benefited from THE inference method to find THE ways of religious education in THE Holy Quran. In THE inferential method, we have reached THE “conclusion”, which is THE method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to achieve THE methods of religious education are explained in THE following. For example, using THE Scriptures directly to know THE right actions is one of THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to reach THE way of believing in THE punishment of deeds. THE achievement of religious education methods through discovering THE nature of religion and explaining THE purpose of education on THE one hand and using THE inferential method as a research method on THE oTHEr hand is one of THE innovations of this research. THE achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational THEoretical model for formal and public education system.

THE presence of water resources, particularly rivers, significantly influences site selection. Throughout history, settling near rivers has brought numerous advantages, but it has also posed certain risks. This study focuses on THE sub-basins souTHEast of THE Caspian Sea. Initially, we explore THE connection between THE layout of ancient settlements and THE drainage networks. Additionally, we analyze THE relationship between flood risk and THE settlement patterns of THEse ancient sites by estimating THE flooding risk based on linear, areal, and relief aspects. This research marks THE first time such an analysis has been conducted. THE findings underscore THE importance of proximity to rivers in site selection, with areas close to rivers with lower stream orders being THE most favorable for settlements. THE study reveals a decrease in THE frequency of sites near higher stream orders in relation to flooding risk. Conversely, THEre is an increase in THE frequency and density of ancient sites near THE first stream orders and at greater distances from THE rivers, coinciding with an elevated flooding risk in THE sub-basins. THEse results indicate that THE inhabitants of THE souTHEastern areas of THE Caspian Sea sub-basins were cognizant of THE flooding danger and factored it into THEir decision-making when selecting settlement sites

This research was carried out with THE purpose of determining THE effectiveness of THE self-knowledge educational package based on THE THEory of existentialism on THE illogical beliefs of communication on people. THE statistical population included all married people who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Tehran's 1st and 3rd districts with marital problems. In THE current research, experimental research method of quasi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. In THE research sample, 16 people who had a high level of irrational beliefs were selected voluntarily based on THE answers to THE voluntary questionnaire of counseling centers, and 8 people were randomly replaced in THE experimental and control groups. THE data collection tool was Adilson and Epstein's communication irrational beliefs questionnaire, which was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and 12 data collection training sessions. Multivariate analysis of covariance or MANOVA method was used for data analysis. THE results of THE analysis of covariance in THE Mankva text showed that in THE main hypoTHEsis, THE analysis of covariance in THE variable of couples' irrational beliefs (sig=0.02, F=6.059) is significant. THE results of THE sub-hypoTHEses also showed that THE analysis of covariance in THE variable of destructiveness, belief in THE changeability of THE spouse, belief in mind reading, belief in sexual perfectionism and sexual differences of couples is significant. THE self-knowledge education based on THE existentialism approach is effective on THE irrational beliefs of married people.